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Just Getting Started With Water Filters? Here's Everything You Need To Know

16/10/24
Edmund
Written By: Edmund Yeo
Water Uni conducts in-depth research to guide prospective water filter users. Our work is funded through reader support. When you buy through our links, we may earn a commission.

If you're new to the world of water filters, you're not alone! With so many different types and options out there, choosing the right filter can feel a little overwhelming. But don’t worry, we’ve got you covered.

In this guide, we’ll walk you through the basics of water filtration and help you make an informed decision. Whether you're looking for something to improve the taste of your filtered water or need a heavy-duty filter for outdoor adventures, we've broken it all down.

Why Do You Need a Water Filter?

water filter

The most common reason people use water filters is to improve the quality of their drinking water. But did you know there are several other benefits? A water filter can:

  • Remove harmful contaminants like chlorine, lead, bacteria, industrial solvents, and other pollutants

  • Improve the taste and smell of your water

  • Protect against waterborne illnesses when traveling or camping

  • Reduce plastic waste by encouraging you to drink tap water instead of bottled water

  • Retain beneficial minerals while removing unwanted impurities, promoting healthier water

  • Reduce plastic waste by encouraging you to drink tap water instead of bottled water

The Basic Science Behind Water Filters

Water filters use simple but effective methods to clean your drinking water. They remove harmful stuff and make water safer to drink.

Let's explore how they work and why they're important.

The Importance of Water Quality

Clean water is key for your health. Unfiltered water can have many contaminants. These include:

  • Dirt and sand

  • Harmful bacteria

  • Chemicals like chlorine

  • Heavy metals

Drinking dirty water can make you sick. It might cause stomach problems or worse. That's why filtering your water is so important.

How Filtration Works?

Water filters use different ways to clean water. The main method is to trap particles as water flows through.

Here's how a basic filter works:

  1. Water goes into the filter.

  2. It passes through tiny holes or special materials.

  3. These catch the bad stuff but let clean water through.

  4. You get cleaner water at the end.

Some filters use activated carbon. This grabs chemicals that make water taste bad. Others use special membranes to catch very small particles. Your filter might use one or more of these methods to clean your water.

Types of Water Filters

Water filters come in all shapes and sizes, designed for different environments and needs. Here’s a breakdown of the most popular types:

1. Pitcher Filters

Pitcher filters are a convenient and affordable option for at-home use. You fill them up with tap water, and gravity does the rest, slowly filtering the water as it moves through the system. These filters often improve the water tastes and remove basic contaminants like chlorine.

Brita Metro Water Filter Pitcher
Brita Metro Water Filter Pitcher-White

Brita Standard Metro Pitcher

Overview: Brita is the go-to brand for pitcher filters. The Metro Pitcher is compact, affordable, and effective at improving taste by reducing chlorine and impurities like copper and mercury.

Key Features: BPA-free, easy-fill lid, space-saving design, filters up to 40 gallons of water.

Price Range: $15 - $30

How It Works: Simply pour tap water into the pitcher. Water passes through Brita's filter, which reduces contaminants before storing it in the lower chamber for easy pouring.
Review

Pros

Compact and space-saving
Affordable and easy to use
Great for improving water taste

Cons

Requires frequent refills due to limited capacity
Filters need replacing every 2 months
Doesn’t remove heavy metals like lead

2. Faucet-Mounted Filters

Faucet-mounted filters are attached directly to your kitchen tap. They’re a step up from pitcher filters, offering more thorough filtration without taking up counter space.

Pur Water Filter Faucet
PUR PLUS Faucet Mount Water Filtration System

PUR Faucet Filtration System

Overview: Brita is the go-to brand for pitcher filters. The Metro Pitcher is compact, affordable, and effective at improving taste by reducing chlorine and impurities like copper and mercury.

Key Features: BPA-free, easy-fill lid, space-saving design, filters up to 40 gallons of water.

Price Range: $15 - $30

How It Works: Simply pour tap water into the pitcher. Water passes through Brita's filter, which reduces contaminants before storing it in the lower chamber for easy pouring.

Pros

Easy to install and replace filters
Continuous filtered water with no waiting time
Great for removing lead, chlorine, and other contaminants

Cons

May reduce water flow rate
Not compatible with all faucets
Filters need to be replaced every 2-3 months

3. Under-Sink Filters

Under-sink filters might be the way to go if you're looking for a more permanent and higher-capacity solution. These systems are installed beneath your kitchen sink and filter water directly as it comes out of the faucet. They are ideal for filtering city water, ensuring safer and cleaner water for your home.

Waterdrop 10UA Under Sink Water Filter
Waterdrop 10UA

Waterdrop 10UA

Overview: The Waterdrop 10UA provides a compact and efficient under-sink filtration solution, removing common contaminants like chlorine, sediment, and heavy metals, making it ideal for improving water taste and safety in your home.

Key Features: NSF/ANSI 42 certified for chlorine reduction, quick-connect design for easy installation, 8,000-gallon filter capacity (up to 12 months of use)

Price Range: $50 - $80

How It Works: The Waterdrop 10UA connects directly to your existing faucet, filtering water through a single, multi-stage filter to reduce contaminants and improve water quality.

Pros

Reduces contaminants like le­ad and chlorine
12-month/8,000 gallons filter life me­ans fewer replace­ments
Quick, simple do-it-yourself installation

Cons

Doesn't remove Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
May not fit all fauce­ts
Higher initial cost than pitcher filters

4. Countertop Filters

Countertop filters sit on your kitchen counter and are connected to your faucet with a hose. They offer excellent filtration and large capacity but can take up more space.

Big Berkey Gravity-Fed Stainless Steel Countertor Water Filter System
big berkey gravity-fed water filter

Big Berkey

Overview: Berkey is well-known for gravity filters, and their Big Berkey model is a household favorite. It’s a countertop filter that can handle up to 2.25 gallons of water at a time, perfect for larger families.

Key Features: Stainless steel construction, filters bacteria and heavy metals, holds up to 2.25 gallons, long filter life.

Price Range: $350 - $400

How It Works: Water is poured into the top chamber and gravity pulls it through the filters into the lower chamber. The filter removes bacteria, heavy metals, chlorine, and other contaminants.
Review

Pros

Removes bacteria, viruses, and heavy metals
Large capacity, ideal for families
Long-lasting filters (up to 3,000 gallons)

Cons

Bulky, takes up counter space
More expensive than smaller home filters
Filling manually can be inconvenient for some

5. Portable Filters

For the adventurers and travelers out there, portable water filters are a lifesaver. Whether you're camping in the backcountry or traveling in a country where the tap water isn't safe, portable filters ensure you have access to clean water, even in natural disasters or emergencies.

Sawyer Squeeze Review
Sawyer Squeeze

Sawyer Squeeze

Overview: The Sawyer Squeeze is a lightweight, compact filter that’s perfect for backpacking or emergency use. It filters out bacteria, protozoa, and microplastics from almost any water source.

Key Features: Filters up to 100,000 gallons, weighs only 3 ounces, can be used with water bottles or as a gravity system.

Price Range: $30 - $40

How It Works: You simply fill a squeeze pouch with water from a stream or lake, attach the Sawyer filter to the pouch, and either squeeze water through the filter into another container or drink directly.
Review

Pros

Lightweight and portable, great for outdoor use
Removes bacteria and protozoa
Affordable and long-lasting

Cons

Not effective against viruses
Squeeze pouch may wear out with frequent use
Requires manual effort to filter water

6. Whole House Water Filtration System

Whole house water filters are installed at the point where your home’s water supply enters, ensuring that all the water in your entire home is filtered.

These systems are perfect for families using private well water or for anyone who wants filtered water throughout their home.

aquasana rhino whole house well water filter
aquasana rhino whole house filter

Aquasana Rhino

Overview: The Aquasana Rhino is a top-rated whole house water filter system that can remove a wide range of contaminants, including chlorine, heavy metals, pesticides, and other impurities.

Key Features: Filters up to 1,000,000 gallons of water, 10-year filter life, removes 97% of chlorine, customizable with additional filters for specific needs (e.g., well water).

Price Range: $1,000 - $1,500

How It Works: The whole house system is installed where your water supply enters your home, and it filters the water before it reaches any of your taps. The filtration process typically involves multiple stages, including pre-filtration, carbon filtration, and post-filtration to remove sediment, chemicals, and contaminants.

Pros

Filters all water entering the home, including water for bathing and cleaning
Long-lasting system and high filtration capacity
Reduces chlorine and heavy metals

Cons

Expensive upfront cost and installation
Requires professional installation
Maintenance can be more involved compared to smaller systems

Selecting the Right Filter for You

Choosing the best water filter depends on your specific needs and situation. Your water source, contaminants present, filter capacity, and budget all play important roles in making the right choice.

Consider Your Water Source

Your water source impacts the type of filter you need. City water often contains chlorine and fluoride. Well water may have minerals or bacteria.

Municipal water plants use different treatment methods. This affects what's in your tap water.

If you're on well water, get it tested yearly. This tells you what contaminants to target.

For city water, check your local water quality report. It lists common contaminants in your area.

Understand Contaminant Removal

Different filters remove different things from water. Know what's in your water to pick the right filter.

Common contaminants include:

  • Chlorine
  • Lead
  • Bacteria
  • Pesticides
  • Sediment

Activated carbon filters are good for chlorine and bad tastes. Reverse osmosis systems remove many contaminants, including lead.

UV filters kill bacteria but don't remove chemicals. Some filters combine methods for better results.

Check filter specs to see what they remove. Match this to your water needs.

Filter Capacity and Maintenance

Consider how much filtered water you need daily. This helps you choose the right size filter.

Pitcher filters are good for small amounts. Under-sink systems work for whole households.

Look at filter lifespan too. Some need changing monthly, others yearly. Factor this into your choice.

Easy maintenance is key. Some filters have indicator lights when it's time to change. Others need manual tracking.

Consider ease of installation too. Countertop filters are simple to set up. Whole-house systems may need a plumber.

Budgeting for Water Filtration

Water filters range widely in price. Set a budget that includes initial cost and ongoing expenses.

Pitcher filters are cheap upfront but need frequent changes. Reverse osmosis systems cost more initially but last longer.

Compare filter prices over time:

Filter TypeInitial CostYearly Maintenance
Pitcher$20-$40$40-$60
Faucet$30-$100$60-$120
Under-sink$100-$400$80-$200
Whole House$300-$1,000$100-$300
Portable$20-$100$30-$50
Countertop $50-$150$60-$100

Don't forget installation costs for complex systems. Some may need professional help.

Popular Water Filter Brands and Recommended Models

water filter types

Now that you know the basics, let’s take a look at some of the top brands in water filtration. These are known for their reliability, performance, and customer satisfaction:

1. Brita

  • Recommended Model: Brita Standard Metro Pitcher
  • Price Range: $15 - $30
  • Best For: Home use for improving water taste and removing chlorine and minor contaminants

2. Sawyer Products

  • Recommended Model: Sawyer Squeeze Water Filter
  • Price Range: $30 - $40
  • Best For: Backpackers, hikers, and emergency preparedness.

3. MSR

  • Recommended Model: MSR Guardian Purifier
  • Price Range: $300 - $400
  • Best For: Adventurers and those needing military-grade protection against viruses, bacteria, and protozoa.

4. LifeStraw

  • Recommended Model: LifeStraw Personal Water Filter
  • Price Range: $15 - $20
  • Best For: Emergencies, travelers, and those who need a compact, lightweight solution.

5. Katadyn

  • Recommended Model: Katadyn BeFree Collapsible Water Filter
  • Price Range: $40 - $50
  • Best For: Lightweight backpacking and outdoor activities.

6. Berkey

  • Recommended Model: Big Berkey Gravity Water Filter
  • Price Range: $350 - $400
  • Best For: Families or households looking for a high-capacity countertop water filter.

7. Aquasana (Whole House Filter)

  • Recommended Model: Aquasana Rhino Whole House Water Filter
  • Price Range: $1,000 - $1,500
  • Best For: Homeowners looking for complete home filtration, covering drinking, bathing, and cleaning water.

Installation of Water Filters

Getting your water filter set up correctly is key. You'll need to decide between DIY or professional help. Then you can follow some simple steps to get your filter installed and working.

DIY vs. Professional Installation

You can install many water filters yourself. Under-sink and countertop filters are often easy DIY projects. They come with instructions and basic tools.

Whole-house systems are trickier. You might want a pro for those. They need to connect to your main water line. Plumbing knowledge is helpful for this job.

Think about your skills and time. DIY saves money but takes effort. Pros cost more but ensure it's done right. They also often offer warranties on their work.

Step-by-Step Guide to Installation

  1. Read the manual. Every filter is different, so your instructions are key.

  2. Gather tools like a wrench, plumber's tape, and a bucket.

  3. Turn off the water by finding your shutoff valve and closing it.

  4. Remove old filter (if replacing) by unscrewing it carefully. Have your bucket ready for drips.

  5. Clean the area by wiping down pipes and surfaces.

  6. Apply plumber's tape by wrapping it around pipe threads to prevent leaks.

  7. Install the new filter by screwing it in place. Don't overtighten.

  8. Turn water back on slowly and check for leaks.

  9. Flush the system by running water through for a few minutes to clear any debris.

Remember to change your filter regularly for best results. Your manual will tell you how often.

Maintaining Your Water Filter

Keeping your water filter in top shape is key for clean, safe drinking water. Regular upkeep helps your filter work well and last longer.

Routine Cleaning

Clean your filter's outer parts weekly with mild soap and warm water. Wipe down the housing and spout with a soft cloth. For pitcher filters, wash the container and lid in the sink.

Don't use harsh cleaners or scrub too hard. This can damage the filter.

Membrane filtration systems need special care, so follow the maker's tips for cleaning the membranes.

Some filters have a button or light to tell you when to clean. Pay attention to these signs.

Replacing Filters

Replace your filter on time. Old filters can't clean water well and may grow bacteria.

Check your filter's manual for when to change it. Most need replacing every 2-6 months.

Some signs you need a new filter are slow water flow, weird taste or smell, and cloudy water.

When you put in a new filter, run water through it for a few minutes. This cleans out any loose bits.

Keep spare filters on hand to always have clean water ready.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

If water flows slowly, check if the filter is clogged. Try cleaning it or putting in a new one.

For leaks, make sure all parts are tight and look for cracks in the housing.

Bad tastes or smells? Your filter might be old or full of gunk, so try a new one.

If your filter has a light or meter, check if it needs new batteries.

For complex filtration systems, call a pro if you can't fix the problem.

Beyond Filtration: Enhancing Water Quality

Water filters are just the start. You can take extra steps to make your water even better. There are tools to soften hard water, kill germs with light, and check what's in your water.

Water Softeners

Hard water can be tough on your pipes and appliances. Water softeners can help fix this problem.

They remove minerals like calcium and magnesium that make water "hard."

How do they work? Water softeners use tiny beads to swap out hard minerals for softer ones.

This makes your water feel smoother and helps your soap work better.

You'll notice less buildup in your shower and on your dishes. Your clothes might even feel softer after washing. Water softeners can help your water heater and pipes last longer too.

UV Purification

UV light is a powerful tool for cleaning water. It kills germs without adding chemicals. UV purification systems use special lamps to zap bacteria and viruses.

These systems are easy to use. You just install them on your main water line.

As water flows past the UV lamp, it gets cleaned. This method is great for well water or if you're worried about germs.

UV purification doesn't change how your water tastes or smells. It just makes it safer to drink. Remember, UV light won't remove chemicals or minerals from your water.

Water Testing Kits

Want to know what's in your water? Water testing kits can help.

These kits let you check your water at home. You can test for things like chlorine, lead, and bacteria.

Most kits use color-changing strips or tablets. You dip them in your water and compare the color to a chart.

Some fancier kits might need you to send samples to a lab.

Regular testing helps you spot problems early. It's a good idea to test your water once a year. If you have well water, you might want to test more often. Testing kits are a simple way to keep an eye on your water quality.

Final Thoughts

water filter review

Water filters can really improve the quality of your drinking water. You've learned about different types like pitcher filters, faucet attachments, and under-sink systems. Each has its own pros and cons to think about.

Remember that filters remove stuff like chlorine, lead, and bacteria from your water. This can make it taste and smell better. It may even be healthier for you and your family.

When picking a filter, think about what's in your water and what you want to remove. Also consider how much filtered water you need and your budget. Don't forget to factor in replacement costs too.

Take some time to compare options before you buy. Read product details and reviews from other users. This will help you find the right filter for your home.

With the right water filter, you can enjoy clean, fresh-tasting water straight from your tap. Your choice can make a big difference in your daily life. Happy filtering!

Frequently Asked Questions

Water filters can be confusing for new users. These questions cover key aspects of choosing, setting up, and maintaining water filters for your home.

What are the key things to look for when choosing a water filter for home use?
Look for filters certified by NSF International or the Water Quality Association. Check which contaminants the filter removes. Consider the filter's flow rate and capacity. Think about installation requirements and ongoing costs for replacement parts.
How do I determine which type of water filter is best suited for my needs?
Test your water to identify contaminants. Match filter types to your specific needs. Consider your budget and space constraints. Think about ease of use and maintenance. Consult a water treatment professional for personalized advice.
What are the steps involved in setting up a new water filter?
Reverse osmosis systems remove many contaminants. Multi-stage filters combining activated carbon and other technologies are also effective. Look for NSF-certified filters that address your specific water quality issues.
What maintenance is required to keep a water filter functioning properly?
Replace filter cartridges on schedule. Clean filter housings regularly. Check for leaks and damage. Follow the manufacturer's maintenance instructions. Keep records of filter changes and system checks.
In what sequence should multiple water filtration stages be arranged?
Start with sediment filters to remove larger particles.

Follow with activated carbon to reduce chemicals and odors.

Use reverse osmosis or other specialized filters last.

Arrange stages from least to most fine filtration for best results.
Can you recommend a water filter that effectively removes most contaminants?
Reverse osmosis systems remove many contaminants. Multi-stage filters combining activated carbon and other technologies are also effective. Look for NSF-certified filters that address your specific water quality issues.
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